Abdominal obesity as assessed by anthropometric measures associates with urinary incontinence in females: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2018.

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) is significantly link to abdominal obesity. This study aimed to assess the association between anthropometric indices of abdominal obesity, including body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and UI risk in adult females. METHODS: We analyzed data from 10, 317 adult females in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database (2005-2018). Weighted multivariable-adjusted regression analysis was conducted to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between BRI, CI, WHtR, and UI. Stratified analyses revealed the association based on the population type. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analyses were used to assess the predictive value of UI. RESULTS: All indices of abdominal obesity investigated were positively and independently associated with the prevalence and severity of three types of UI. After adjusting for all relevant confounding variables, a significantly positive association between BRI and the prevalence of UI were observed (OR quartile 4 vs. quartile 1: urge UI (UUI): 1.93, 95% CI 1.61-2.30; stress UI (SUI): 2.29, 95% CI 1.94-2.70; mixed UI (MUI): 2.26, 95% CI 1.82-2.82; all P < 0.0001, P for trend < 0.0001, respectively), as well as WHtR and CI, which particularly prominent for female in premenopausal. Moreover, a one-unit increment of BRI was significantly associated with an increased severity index of UUI (ß: 0.06, 95% CI 0.04-0.09, P < 0.0001), SUI (ß: 0.10, 95% CI 0.07-0.13, P < 0.0001) and MUI (ß: 0.07, 95% CI 0.04-0.10, P < 0.0001), which this trend was also observed in each subtype of UI for WHtR and CI. Furthermore, the ROC analysis demonstrated a higher diagnostic efficacy of BRI and WHtR compared with BMI in discriminating UI with an AUC of 0.600 for SUI, 0.617 for UUI, and 0.622 for MUI (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: An increased BRI, CI, and WHtR are significantly associated with higher prevalence and severity of UI in females.

Total daily energy expenditure and elevated water turnover in a small-scale semi-nomadic pastoralist society from Northern Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Pastoralists live in challenging environments, which may be accompanied by unique activity, energy, and water requirements. AIM: Few studies have examined whether the demands of pastoralism contribute to differences in total energy expenditure (TEE) and water turnover (WT) compared to other lifestyles. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Accelerometer-derived physical activity, doubly labelled water-derived TEE and WT, and anthropometric data were collected for 34 semi-nomadic Daasanach adults from three northern Kenyan communities with different levels of pastoralist activity. Daasanach TEEs and WTs were compared to those of other small-scale and industrialised populations. RESULTS: When modelled as a function of fat-free-mass, fat-mass, age, and sex, TEE did not differ between Daasanach communities. Daasanach TEE (1564-4172 kcal/day) was not significantly correlated with activity and 91% of TEEs were within the range expected for individuals from comparison populations. Mean WT did not differ between Daasanach communities; Daasanach absolute (7.54 litres/day men; 7.46 litres/day women), mass-adjusted, and TEE-adjusted WT was higher than most populations worldwide. CONCLUSIONS: The similar mass-adjusted TEE of Daasanach and industrialised populations supports the hypothesis that habitual TEE is constrained, with physically demanding lifestyles necessitating trade-offs in energy allocation. Elevated WT in the absence of elevated TEE likely reflects a demanding active lifestyle in a hot, arid climate.

New Perspectives in the Association between Anthropometry and Mortality: The Role of Calf Circumference.

AIMS: Considering the impact of sarcopenia on mortality, and the difficulty to assessment of body composition, the hypothesis of the study is that calf circumference (CC) is closely related to mortality in older patients. The aim of the study was to analyze the potential role of CC to predict mortality in old individuals at 3, 6 and 12 months after discharge from hospital. METHODS: Patients aged >65 years were recruited for this retrospective study from September 2021 to March 2022. Their physical and body composition characteristics (including Body Mass Index-BMI and Mini Nutritional Assessment-MNA) were measured; data on mortality at 3 (T3), 6 (T6) and 12 (T12) months after discharge were recorded. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the 2019 European Consensus criteria. RESULTS: Participants were 192 older adults (92 women), with a mean age of 82.8±7.0 years. Sarcopenic people were 41. The mortality rate was higher in sarcopenic people only at T3 and T6. CC had comparable validity in predicting mortality to that of MNA and ASMMI (Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass), and was better than BMI and serum albumin at each time point. Youden's index showed that the best cut-off for CC for predicting mortality was 30.6 cm both at T3 (sensitivity: 74%; specificity: 75%) and T6 (sensitivity: 75%; specificity: 67%). At the Cox regression model for mortality, high values of CC (HR 0.73, CI95% 0.60-0.89/p<0.001) and ADL scores (HR 0.72, CI95% 0.54-0.96/p=0.04) were protective factors at T6 and T12 respectively; at T12 high comorbidity rate was a risk factor (HR 1.28, IC95% 1.02-1.62/p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: CC has a validity comparable to MNA and ASMMI in predicting mortality at 3, 6 and 12 months after hospital discharge. Moreover, it can be considered an independent predictor of medium-term mortality in the hospitalized older population. CC can be an effective method for the prognostic stratification of these patients, due to its simplicity and immediacy.

Non-invasive prediction nomogram for predicting significant fibrosis in patients with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: This study aims to validate the efficacy of the conventional non-invasive score in predicting significant fibrosis in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and to develop a non-invasive prediction model for MAFLD. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7701 participants with MAFLD from August 2018 to December 2023. All participants were divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort. The study compared different subgroups' demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory examination indicators and conducted logistic regression analysis to assess the correlation between independent variables and liver fibrosis. Nomograms were created using the logistic regression model. The predictive values of noninvasive models and nomograms were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: Four nomograms were developed for the quantitative analysis of significant liver fibrosis risk based on the multivariate logistic regression analysis results. The nomogram's area under ROC curves (AUC) was 0.710, 0.714, 0.748, and 0.715 in overall MAFLD, OW-MAFLD, Lean-MAFLD, and T2DM-MAFLD, respectively. The nomogram had a higher AUC in all MAFLD participants and OW-MAFLD than the other non-invasive scores. The DCA curve showed that the net benefit of each nomogram was higher than that of APRI and FIB-4. In the validation cohort, the AUCs of the nomograms were 0.722, 0.750, 0.719, and 0.705, respectively. CONCLUSION: APRI, FIB-4, and NFS performed poorly predicting significant fibrosis in patients with MAFLD. The new model demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy and clinical applicability in identifying significant fibrosis in MAFLD.

Substance P Concentration in Gestational Diabetes and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain and Its Impact on Neonatal Anthropometry.

Fetal programming is a process initiated by intrauterine conditions, leaving a lasting impact on the offspring's health, whether they manifest immediately or later in life. It is believed that children born to mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) may be at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity later in their adult lives. Substance P is a neurotransmitter associated with obesity development and impairment of insulin signaling. Dysregulation of substance P could lead to several pregnancy pathologies, such as preeclampsia and preterm birth. Our study aimed to compare substance P concentrations in serum and umbilical cord blood in patients with GDM, EGWG, and healthy women with a family history of gestational weight gain. Substance P levels in umbilical cord blood were significantly higher in the GDM group compared to the EGWG and control groups. Substance P levels in serum and umbilical cord blood were positively correlated in all groups and the GDM group. A very interesting direction for future research is the relationship between the concentration of substance P in newborns of diabetic mothers and the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome as a complication of impaired surfactant synthesis. To our knowledge, it is the first study assessing substance P concentration in GDM and EGWG patients.

Effects of Prolonged Medical Fasting during an Inpatient, Multimodal, Nature-Based Treatment on Pain, Physical Function, and Psychometric Parameters in Patients with Fibromyalgia: An Observational Study.

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a common chronic pain disorder and often occurs as a concomitant disease in rheumatological diseases. Managing FMS takes a complex approach and often involves various non-pharmacological therapies. Fasting interventions have not been in the focus of research until recently, but preliminary data have shown effects on short- and medium-term pain as well as on physical and psychosomatic outcomes in different chronic pain disorders. This single-arm observational study investigated the effects of prolonged fasting (3-12 days, <600 kcal/d) embedded in a multimodal treatment setting on inpatients with FMS. Patients who were treated at the Department of Internal Medicine and Nature-Based Therapies of the Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Germany, between 02/2018 and 12/2020 answered questionnaires at hospital admission (V0) and discharge (V1), and then again three (V2), six (V3), and 12 (V4) months later. Selected routine blood and anthropometric parameters were also assessed during the inpatient stay. A total of 176 patients with FMS were included in the study. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) total score dropped by 13.7 ± 13.9 (p < 0.001) by V1, suggesting an improvement in subjective disease impact. Pain (NRS: reduction by 1.1 ± 2.5 in V1, p < 0.001) and quality of life (WHO-5: +4.9 ± 12.3 in V1, p < 0.001) improved, with a sustainable effect across follow-up visits. In contrast, mindfulness (MAAS: +0.3 ± 0.7 in V1, p < 0.001), anxiety (HADS-A: reduction by 2.9 ± 3.5 in V1, p < 0.0001), and depression (HADS-D: reduction by 2.7 ± 3.0 in V1, p < 0.0001) improved during inpatient treatment, without longer-lasting effects thereafter. During the study period, no serious adverse events were reported. The results suggest that patients with FMS can profit from a prolonged therapeutic fasting intervention integrated into a complex multimodal inpatient treatment in terms of quality of life, pain, and disease-specific functional parameters. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03785197.

Novel anthropometric indices for predicting type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare anthropometric indices to predict type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among first-degree relatives of diabetic patients in the Iranian community. METHODS: In this study, information on 3483 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of diabetic patients was extracted from the database of the Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Overall, 2082 FDRs were included in the analyses. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between anthropometric indices and the odds of having diabetes. Furthermore, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to estimate the optimal cutoff point based on the sensitivity and specificity of each index. In addition, the indices were compared based on the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 15.3%. The optimal cutoff points for anthropometric measures among men were 25.09 for body mass index (BMI) (AUC = 0.573), 0.52 for waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (AUC = 0.648), 0.91 for waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (AUC = 0.654), 0.08 for a body shape index (ABSI) (AUC = 0.599), 3.92 for body roundness index (BRI) (AUC = 0.648), 27.27 for body adiposity index (BAI) (AUC = 0.590), and 8 for visceral adiposity index (VAI) (AUC = 0.596). The optimal cutoff points for anthropometric indices were 28.75 for BMI (AUC = 0.610), 0.55 for the WHtR (AUC = 0.685), 0.80 for the WHR (AUC = 0.687), 0.07 for the ABSI (AUC = 0.669), 4.34 for the BRI (AUC = 0.685), 39.95 for the BAI (AUC = 0.583), and 6.15 for the VAI (AUC = 0.658). The WHR, WHTR, and BRI were revealed to have fair AUC values and were relatively greater than the other indices for both men and women. Furthermore, in women, the ABSI and VAI also had fair AUCs. However, BMI and the BAI had the lowest AUC values among the indices in both sexes. CONCLUSION: The WHtR, BRI, VAI, and WHR outperformed other anthropometric indices in predicting T2DM in first-degree relatives (FDRs) of diabetic patients. However, further investigations in different populations may need to be implemented to justify their widespread adoption in clinical practice.

Impact of 1-Year Supplementation with High-Rich Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Clinical Variables and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial.

A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study was conducted to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with high-rich docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (Tridocosahexanoin-AOX® 70%) at 50 mg/kg/day in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) as compared with placebo. The duration of supplementation was 12 months. A total of 22 patients were included, with 11 in the DHA group and 11 in the placebo group. The mean age was 11.7 years. The outcome variables were pulmonary function, exacerbations, sputum cellularity, inflammatory biomarkers in sputum and peripheral blood, and anthropometric variables. In the DHA group, there was a significant increase in FVC (p = 0.004) and FVE1 expressed in liters (p = 0.044) as compared with placebo, and a lower median number of exacerbations (1 vs. 2). Differences in sputum cellularity (predominantly neutrophilic), neutrophilic elastase, and sputum and serum concentrations of resolvin D1 (RvD1), interleukin (IL)-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) between the study groups were not found. Significant increases in weight and height were also observed among DHA-supplemented patients. The administration of the study product was safe and well tolerated. In summary, the use of a highly concentrated DHA supplement for 1 year as compared with placebo improved pulmonary function and reduced exacerbations in pediatric CF.

Anthropometric Study of Foot Breadth of 5-10 Years Aged Bangladeshi Children.

The present anthropometric study was designed to construct data of 5-10 years aged Bangladeshi children regarding foot breadth and an attempt has been made out to grow interest among the researchers for future study and also to compare the data with the data of the people of other races. This cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic type study was conducted among 5-10 years aged 109 Bangladeshi children (70 male and 39 female) at different areas of Mymensingh district (Fulpur, Muktagacha, Fulbaria, Trisal and Haluaghat), Bangladesh from January 2016 to December 2016. Non-random purposive sampling technique was taken for sample collection. Any kind of foot deformity due to either from congenital or physical injury was excluded to construct standard measurement. Foot breadth was measured using slide caliper. The children were asked to stand with weight distributed equally on both feet. The legs were perpendicular to the feet. The mean foot breadth of right side of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 years aged male children were 7.08±.61 cm, 7.11±.30 cm, 7.61±.45 cm, 7.44±.43 cm, 8.12±.38 cm and 8.17±.44 cm respectively and those of female children were 6.55±.64 cm, 7.17±.27 cm, 7.04±.70 cm, 7.62±.54 cm, 7.48±.88 cm and 7.85±.72 cm respectively. The mean foot breadth of left side of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 years aged male children were 7.04±.60 cm, 7.03±.30 cm, 7.52±.47 cm, 7.36±.45 cm, 8.03±.38 cm and 8.08±.43 cm respectively and those of female children were 6.46±.63 cm, 7.10±.31 cm, 6.95±.71 cm, 7.54±.52 cm, 7.37±.89 cm and 7.77±.71 cm respectively. Comparison of foot breadth between male and female children was done by Unpaired Students 't' test and the differences of means were statistically non-significant. Data were tabulated and statistically analyzed using Microsoft excel and SPSS software. The results of present study would be useful in anatomy, orthopedics, forensic science, plastic surgery, radiology, podiatry, archeology, anthropology and nutrition science.

Associations between 47 anthropometric markers derived from a body scanner and relative fat-free mass in a population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Low relative fat free mass (FFM) is associated with a greater risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Unfortunately, FFM is currently not being measured regularly to allow for individuals therapy. OBJECTIVE: One reason why FFM is not being used may be related to additional equipment and resources, thus we aimed to identify easily accessible anthropometric markers related with FFM. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data of 1,593 individuals (784 women; 49.2%, age range 28-88 years) enrolled in the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND 1). Forty-seven anthropometric markers were derived from a 3D optical body-scanner. FFM was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (FFMBIA) or air displacement plethysmography (FFMADP). In sex-stratified linear regression models, FFM was regressed on anthropometric measurements adjusted for body height and age. Anthropometric markers were ranked according to the coefficient of determination (R2) derived from these regression models. RESULTS: Circumferences of high hip, belly, middle hip, waist and high waist showed the strongest inverse associations with FFM. These relations were stronger in females than in males. Associations of anthropometric markers with FFMAPD were greater compared to FFMBIA. CONCLUSION: Anthropometric measures were more strongly associated with FFMADP compared to FFMBIA. Anthropometric markers like circumferences of the high or middle hip, belly or waist may be appropriate surrogates for FFM to aid in individualized therapy. Given that the identified markers are representative of visceral adipose tissue, the connection between whole body strength as surrogate for FFM and fat mass should be explored in more detail.

Effects of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms, anthropometric measurements, and breastfeeding duration in infants with colic: a randomized control trial.

BACKGROUND: Infantile colic has a multifactorial etiology. Recent studies have suggested that probiotics may be effective in its management. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of the Actiregularis strain (5×106 cfu\ml) included in maternal nutrition on gastrointestinal problems, growth development, and breastfeeding outcomes in infantile colic. DESIGN AND SETTING: The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in the neonatal outpatient clinic of a training and research hospital in Turkey. METHODS: A probiotic drink containing the Actiregularis (5×106 cfu\ml) strain was added to the diet of mothers in the probiotics group once daily for 15 consecutive days. Data were collected for each infant's 0th (birth), 1st, 4th, and 6th months. RESULTS: Infants whose mothers were administered Actiregularis for 15 days had decreased crying intensity (P = 0.000). When the difference in breastfeeding rates between the groups was significant at the 4th and 6th months (P = 0.044; P = 0.035). There was no difference in anthropometric values except the babies' weights at the 6th month. (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Infants treated with Actiregularis, which was added to their mothers' diet for 15 days, showed a decrease in the frequency of crying, and the difference in breastfeeding rates between the groups was significant at the 4th and 6th months. There was no difference in anthropometric values except the babies' weights at the 6th month. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: NCT04374955 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/).

Association between quality and quantity of carbohydrate intake with selected anthropometric indices among primary school girls in Kerman city, Iran: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The school-age is a crucial period of physical and cognitive growth, which requires an assessment of dietary intake and its influence on body weight and height. This study aims to determine the association between the quality and quantity of carbohydrate intake with selected anthropometric indices in primary school girls in Kerman City, Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 330 primary school girls ages 6-12 years in Kerman. We used a validated and reliable dish-based 185-item food frequency questionnaire to evaluate people's food intake. We assessed the amount of carbohydrates in children's diets as the percentage of daily calories and grams per day. We used dietary fiber intake (grams/day), the glycemic load, the ratio of whole grain to total grain, and the ratio of solid carbohydrates to total carbohydrates to assess carbohydrate quality. Height, weight, and arm circumference were measured. We calculated body mass index (BMI) by dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in centimeters squared. We used the World Health Organization z-scores charts for girls 5 to 19 years old to assess z-scores for BMI-for-age (BAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-age (WAZ). Socioeconomic status and physical activity were assessed. We used ANOVA and ANCOVA statistical tests to assess the association between anthropometric indices and carbohydrate quantity and quality parameters. RESULTS: Participants with the highest amount of carbohydrate intake had significantly higher anthropometric indices, including arm circumference, BMI-for-age z score (BAZ), and Height-for-age z score (HAZ) (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.009, respectively). With the increase in glycemic load (GL) and dietary fiber intake, anthropometric indices including arm circumference (GL: p < 0.001, Fiber: p < 0.001), BAZ (GL: p < 0.001, Fiber: P < 0.001), and HAZ (GL: P = 0.009, Fiber: p < 0.001) increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that there was a positive association between the amount of carbohydrate intake and anthropometric indices (MUAC, BAZ, and HAZ). Also, with the increase in glycemic load and dietary fiber intake, the anthropometric indices including MUAC, BAZ, and HAZ increased.

Anthropometric failures and its predictors among under five children in Ethiopia: multilevel logistic regression model using 2019 Ethiopian demographic and health survey data.

BACKGROUND: Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF) combines all three forms of anthropometric failures to assess undernutrition status of children. There is no study on CIAF to identify the real and severe form of under nutrition among Ethiopian children that addressed community level factors. So, this study determined CIAF and identified important factors which helps to design appropriate intervention strategies by using multi-level advanced statistical model. METHODS: The study included 5,530 under five children and utilized a secondary data (EMDHS 2019) which was collected through community-based and cross-sectionally from March 21 to June 28, 2019. Composite index of anthropometric failure among under five children was assessed and a two-stage sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Descriptive summary statistics was computed. A multi-level binary logistic regression model was employed to identify important predictors of CIAF in under five children. Adjusted odds ratio with its 95% CI was estimated and level of significance 0.05 was used to determine significant predictors of CIAF. RESULTS: The prevalence of composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) was 40.69% (95% CI: 39.41, 42.00) in Ethiopia. Both individual and community level predictors were identified for CIAF in under five children. Among individual level predictors being male sex, older age, short birth interval, from mothers who have not formal education, and from poor household wealth quintile were associated with higher odds of CIAF among under five children. Low community women literacy and being from agriculturally based regions were the community level predictors that were associated with higher odds of CIAF in under five children in Ethiopia. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of composite index of anthropometric failure in under five children was high in Ethiopia. Age of child, sex of child, preceding birth interval, mother's education, household wealth index, community women literacy and administrative regions of Ethiopia were identified as significant predictors of CIAF. Therefore, emphasis should be given for those factors to decrease the prevalence of CIAF in under five children in Ethiopia.

Novel anthropometric indicators of visceral obesity predict the severity of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity substantially contributes to the onset of acute pancreatitis (AP) and influences its progression to severe AP. Although body mass index (BMI) is a widely used anthropometric parameter, it fails to delineate the distribution pattern of adipose tissue. To circumvent this shortcoming, the predictive efficacies of novel anthropometric indicators of visceral obesity, such as lipid accumulation products (LAP), cardiometabolic index (CMI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), and Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) were examined to assess the severity of AP. METHOD: The body parameters and laboratory indices of 283 patients with hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis (HLAP) were retrospectively analysed, and the six novel anthropometric indicators of visceral obesity were calculated. The severity of HLAP was determined using the revised Atlanta classification. The correlation between the six indicators and HLAP severity was evaluated, and the predictive efficacy of the indicators was assessed using area under the curve (AUC). The differences in diagnostic values of the six indicators were also compared using the DeLong test. RESULTS: Patients with moderate to severe AP had higher VAI, CMI, and LAP than patients with mild AP (all P < 0.001). The highest AUC in predicting HLAP severity was observed for VAI, with a value of 0.733 and 95% confidence interval of 0.678-0.784. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated significant correlations between HLAP severity and VAI, CMI, and LAP indicators. These indicators, particularly VAI, which displayed the highest predictive power, were instrumental in forecasting and evaluating the severity of HLAP.

Asociación de fuerza prensil y extensores de rodilla con estado nutricional de adultos mayores pertenecientes a la comunidad / Association of grip strength and knee extensors with nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults

Antecedentes y objetivo: Determinar la asociación de fuerza prensil de mano y extensores de rodilla con el estado nutricional de adultos mayores de la comunidad. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional transversal. Se analizó peso y talla de 847 adultos mayores según índice de masa corporal y se clasificaron en cuatro categorías nutricionales según el Ministerio de Salud de Chile. Se evaluó la fuerza prensil de mano y extensores de rodilla para ambas extremidades. La fuerza fue normalizada por masa corporal y se utilizó la correlación de Spearman entre índice de masa corporal y fuerza muscular. Resultados: La muestra fue de 582 mujeres y 265 hombres con edad promedio de 71,72±7,09. Las mujeres presentaron un índice de masa corporal de 30,03±5,48 y los hombres 27,64±4,05, la categoría más numerosa fue normopeso (n = 288) y la menor bajo peso (n = 74). La fuerza prensil de mano presentó mayor correlación que extensores de rodilla, específicamente, fuerza prensil de mano derecha (r: -0,40). La mayor correlación y significancia la presentó la categoría obesa para todas las mediciones de fuerza, resultando la fuerza prensil de mano derecha como la más alta (r: -0,29). Conclusiones: El aumento del estado nutricional de los adultos mayores influye negativamente sobre la fuerza muscular. La mejor asociación entre índice de masa corporal y fuerza muscular fue la prensión de mano derecha. Resalta el hallazgo del aumento de la esperanza de vida a medida que disminuye el IMC de la muestra. Futuros estudios deberían generar percentiles y valores normalizados en población chilena.(AU)

Aim: To determine the association of hand grip strength and knee extensor strength with the nutritional status of community-dwelling older adults. Material and methods: Observational cross-sectional study. Weight and height of 847 older adults were analyzed according to body mass index and classified into four nutritional categories according to the Chilean Ministry of Health. Hand grip and knee extensors strength for both extremities were evaluated. Strength was normalized by body mass. Spearman's correlation between body mass index and muscle strength was used. Results: The sample was 582 women, 265 men and an average age of 71.72±7.09. The women had a BMI of 30.03±5.48 and the men of 27.64 ± 4.05, the most numerous category was normal weight (n = 288) and the lowest low weight (n = 74). Hand grip strength presented a higher correlation than knee extensors, specifically, right hand grip strength (r: −0.40). The highest correlation and significance were presented by the obese category for all strength measurements, with right hand grip strength being the highest (r: −0.29). Conclusions: The increase in the nutritional status of older adults has a negative influence on muscle strength. The best association between body mass index and muscle strength was the right hand grip. The finding of the increase in life expectancy as the nutritional status of the sample decreases stands out. Future studies are needed to generate percentiles and normalized values in the Chilean population.(AU)

Effect of pre-season and in-season training on anthropometric variables, somatotype, body composition and body proportion in elite basketball players.

The aims of the study were: 1) to evaluate the changes in anthropometric variables, body composition, somatotype and body proportions of elite basketball players throughout the pre-season period; 2) to evaluate the changes in anthropometric variables, body composition, somatotype and body proportions of elite basketball players throughout the in-season period; and 3) to observe if the age and position influenced the variables analyzed. A total of 17 players belonging to the men's ACB league team competing in the Euroleague (age = 23.42 ± 5.28 years-old) participated in the study. The players underwent an anthropometric measurement before and after the pre-season, as well as four evaluations throughout the in-season. Anthropometric indices, somatotype components according to Heath and Carter, and adiposity were calculated. The results show that during the pre-season, body mass, BMI, sum of 6 and 8 skinfolds, waist/hip ratio, adipose tissue (kg), adipose tissue percentage, and endomorphy decreased, while ectomorphy increased. However, no significant changes were found in the variables analyzed throughout the season; except for endomorphy, which increased along the in-season. Playing position and age did not have a significant influence on the changes in the anthropometric variables throughout the pre-season and the in-season. In conclusion, while changes in the anthropometric variables in the pre-season were observed, these remained the same during the in-season.

Short-term chemotherapy-related complications and undernutrition in children diagnosed with cancer at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana: A prospective cohort study.

Undernutrition in children with cancer is associated with complications during cancer therapy. The study objective was to determine the association between specific anthropometric parameters and short-term chemotherapy-related complications and mortality. This was a hospital-based, prospective cohort study of children, age ≤12 years, with a new cancer diagnosis at the Paediatric Oncology Unit, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. Socio-demographic information, cancer characteristics and anthropometric measurements were obtained at enrolment. Participants were followed up for twelve weeks from commencement of chemotherapy and selected treatment-related complications such as anaemia and thrombocytopenia requiring transfusions, prolonged neutropenia resulting in treatment delays, febrile neutropenia, mucositis and death were recorded. A total of 133 participants were recruited with a median age of 4.5 years. Eighty-one (60.9%) were diagnosed with solid tumours, 31 (23.3%) had leukaemias and 21 (15.8%) had lymphomas. Of the anthropometric parameters assessed, only arm anthropometry using upper arm muscle area (UAMA) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were associated with complications. Participants with wasting were more likely to develop anaemia and mucositis. However, the incidence of prolonged neutropenia was significantly higher among participants with average UAMA (p = 0.043) and low average UAMA (p = 0.049) compared to those with low UAMA. Risk of neutropenia was also significantly less among those with wasting by MUAC compared to those well-nourished (p = 0.045). Twenty-three participants (17.3%) died with a greater proportion (11/44; 25%) occurring in those who were wasted using MUAC. These findings underscore the need for nutritional surveillance at diagnosis and during chemotherapy, particularly where co-morbid disease is prevalent.

Early life poly- and perfluoroalkyl substance levels and adiposity in the first 2 years of life.

IMPORTANCE: Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are nondegradable, man-made chemicals. They accumulate in humans with potential harmful effects, especially in susceptible periods of human development, such as the first months of life. We found that, in our cohort, exclusively breastfed (EBF) infants had 3 times higher PFAS plasma levels compared with exclusively formula-fed (EFF) infants at the age of 3 months. Thus, PFASs could potentially reduce the health benefits of breastfeeding. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations between PFAS levels at the age of 3 months and accelerated gain in fat mass during the first 6 months of life, body composition at 2 years, and whether these associations differ between EBF and EFF infants. SETTING: In 372 healthy term-born infants, we longitudinally assessed anthropometrics, body composition (by air-displacement plethysmography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and visceral and subcutaneous fat (by abdominal ultrasound) until the age of 2 years. MEASURES: The plasma levels of 5 individual PFASs were determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry at the age of 3 months. MAIN OUTCOMES: We studied associations between PFAS levels and outcomes using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Higher early life plasma perfluorooctanoic acid and total PFAS levels were associated with an accelerated gain in fat mass percentage [FM%; >0.67 SD score (SDS)] during the first 6 months of life. Higher early life PFAS levels were associated with lower fat-free mass (FFM) SDS at the age of 2 years, but not with total FM% SDS at 2 years. Furthermore, we found opposite effects of PFAS levels (negative) and exclusive breastfeeding (positive) at the age of 3 months on FFM SDS at 2 years. CONCLUSION: Higher PFAS levels in early life are associated with accelerated gains in FM% during the first 6 months of life and with lower FFM SDS at the age of 2 years, which have been associated with an unfavorable body composition and metabolic profile later in life. Our findings warrant further research with longer follow-up times.

Could BIA-derived phase angle predict health-related musculoskeletal fitness? A cross-sectional study in young adults.

OBJECTIVES: To our knowledge, little evidence exists on the relationships between body composition and health-related physical fitness; in particular, musculoskeletal fitness. Bioimpedance index phase angle (bioelectrical impedance analysis raw variables) is a candidate predictor of health-related fitness, a marker of fat-free and body cell mass, respectively. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition, raw bioelectrical impedance analysis variables, and health-related fitness in young adults and investigate their mutual relationships to identify predictors of muscle strength. METHODS: The study included 229 young adults (115 men and 114 women; 24.2 ± 3 y; body mass index 19-30 kg/m²). Anthropometry was measured with standardized procedures. Whole-body BIA (50 kHz) was performed for impedance and phase angle. Predictive equations estimated fat-free mass and percentage body fat. The bioimpedance index was calculated as stature²/impedance. Musculoskeletal fitness was assessed by handgrip strength, standing broad jump, squat jump, and countermovement jump. RESULTS: In both sexes, health-related fitness had stronger associations with body composition than stature or weight. Handgrip strength was related to fat-free mass and bioimpedance index, while an inverse association with percent body fat emerged for standing broad jump, squat jump and countermovement jump. Phase angle is directly correlated with handgrip strength, standing broad jump, squat jump, and countermovement jump. In multiple regression analysis phase angle was an independent predictor of all health-related fitness tests, along with fat-free mass (or bioimpedance index) for handgrip strength, and with sex and percent body fat for the three jump tests. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provided consistent information on the relationships between body composition and health-related fitness in young adults. Phase angle emerged as a significant predictor of all health-related fitness measures and might be useful for a more consistent assessment of musculoskeletal fitness.

Multicomponent (bio)markers for obesity risk prediction: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Despite international efforts, the number of individuals struggling with obesity is still increasing. An important aspect of obesity prevention relates to identifying individuals at risk at early stage, allowing for timely risk stratification and initiation of countermeasures. However, obesity is complex and multifactorial by nature, and one isolated (bio)marker is unlikely to enable an optimal risk stratification and prognosis for the individual; rather, a combined set is required. Such a multicomponent interpretation would integrate biomarkers from various domains, such as classical markers (eg, anthropometrics, blood lipids), multiomics (eg, genetics, proteomics, metabolomics), lifestyle and behavioural attributes (eg, diet, physical activity, sleep patterns), psychological traits (mental health status such as depression) and additional host factors (eg, gut microbiota diversity), also by means of advanced interpretation tools such as machine learning. In this paper, we will present a protocol that will be employed for a scoping review that attempts to summarise and map the state-of-the-art in the area of multicomponent (bio)markers related to obesity, focusing on the usability and effectiveness of such biomarkers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase databases will be searched using predefined key terms to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English until January 2024. Once downloaded into EndNote for deduplication, CADIMA will be employed to review and select abstracts and full-text articles in a two-step procedure, by two independent reviewers. Data extraction will then be carried out by several independent reviewers. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies guidelines will be followed. Combinations employing at least two biomarkers from different domains will be mapped and discussed. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required; data will rely on published articles. Findings will be published open access in an international peer-reviewed journal. This review will allow guiding future directions for research and public health strategies on obesity prevention, paving the way towards multicomponent interventions.